Mammography

Mammography is a radiological diagnostic technique that uses low-dose radiation to create detailed images of breast tissue. It is a vital tool in detecting breast cancer, the most common cancer type in women. Mammography is recommended as a health screening for women aged 40 and above, with an annual exam suggested for those in this age group. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial, and mammography can identify tiny abnormalities that might not be noticeable through physical exams.

What is Mammography?

Studies show that 1 in 8 women worldwide is at risk of developing breast cancer. However, about 90% of women diagnosed with breast cancer at an early stage can fully recover. Mammography is the best diagnostic method to detect early breast cancer and treat it before it spreads to other tissues in the body. It is essentially an X-ray of the breast tissue. During the procedure, the breast is compressed between two plates, and low levels of X-rays are used to capture images, which are then transferred to a computer for analysis by a doctor. Mammography allows the detection of small lumps or abnormalities that would be difficult to find through self-examination. Typically, a lump found through self-examination may not be detected on a mammogram until about two years after its appearance. Therefore, it is recommended that all women, even without a family history of breast cancer, have a mammogram starting at age 40 as a preventive measure.

Why is Mammography Performed?

Mammography is used as a screening tool to detect breast cancer in its early stages, especially in women aged 40 and above, as breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Routine mammograms are crucial for early detection and can reduce mortality rates associated with breast cancer. A mammogram can also be used to evaluate the size and type of a lump or abnormality in the breast when there are symptoms such as pain or a visible change in appearance.

How is Mammography Performed?

During a mammogram, the patient stands with their upper body exposed from the waist up. The breast is placed between two plates of a mammography machine, which compresses the breast to spread out the tissue for better imaging. X-rays are then used to create images of the breast tissue. The technician will remind the patient to hold their breath and remain still to ensure clear images. The process is quick, and after the first breast is imaged, the same procedure is repeated for the other breast. In some cases, the procedure may need to be repeated if motion blurs the images.

Preparation for Mammography:

• Timing: It is recommended to schedule a mammogram during the first few days of the menstrual cycle, as breasts are less sensitive during this time.
• Clothing: Wear easily removable clothing, as the upper body must be exposed during the procedure.
• Avoiding Products: Refrain from using deodorants, powders, or creams near the breast area, as these can interfere with the images.

Digital Mammography:

Digital mammography is an advanced version of the traditional method, where the X-ray images are converted into digital signals and displayed on a computer screen. Unlike traditional mammography, which produces film images, digital mammography allows the doctor to manipulate the images for better clarity, enhancing contrast and zooming in on areas of interest without losing detail. This technology helps avoid the need for retakes if there are doubts about the images and allows the comparison of past and current images easily.

Regular mammograms, whether traditional or digital, are essential for early breast cancer detection and improving treatment outcomes.